Words About Naming from Latin

Words About Naming from Latin Words About Naming from Latin Words About Naming from Latin By Mark Nichol The Latin word nomen, meaning â€Å"name,† is the source of many words in English that pertain to names and naming. Here are the most common of those words and their definitions. Nomen itself is the word for the family name of a Roman citizen, the second of the three names usually given. A praenomen (meaning â€Å"before name†) is a first name, and a cognomen (â€Å"with name†) is the third name. (The word can also generically mean â€Å"name† and can refer to an epithet or nickname.) An agnomen (â€Å"to name†) is an additional name or an epithet attached to a person’s name because of some achievement or honor. The adjective nominal (â€Å"of a name†) means â€Å"in name only† or â€Å"approximate† or â€Å"very small in amount,† though it has a more specific sense in financial contexts related to loans and interest. The verb nominate means â€Å"designate† or â€Å"name,† while a denomination is a name for a class of things, though the word generally refers to the value of a particular amount of currency (for example, a quarter and a twenty-dollar bill are denominations) or to a religious group (for example, Baptists and Methodists are members of specific Christian denominations). Noun, from Anglo-French and referring to a person, a place, or a thing, is directly descended from nomen; a pronoun (â€Å"for name†) is a word (such as it) used in place of a noun. Renown (â€Å"speak of name†), meaning â€Å"fame† or â€Å"respect,† was spelled renoun in Anglo-French; its adjectival form, sometimes misspelled reknowned (as if the root word is known) or incorrectly styled the same as the noun form, is renowned. A misnomer (â€Å"incorrect name†), meanwhile, is a name that is not appropriate or proper to identify something, and ignominious (â€Å"not name,† in the sense of not acquiring or retaining a good reputation) means â€Å"disgraceful† or â€Å"humiliating.† Words pertaining to naming for scientific classification include nomenclature (â€Å"name assignment†), meaning â€Å"a system of naming† or â€Å"the act of naming† or referring to a name itself. Binomial (â€Å"two names†) is an adjective referring to a two-word name for a species (as homo sapiens); these two words are often paired as â€Å"binomial nomenclature† to refer to the system used to create such names. (Binomial also has the meaning in mathematics of â€Å"an expression of two numbers connected by a plus or minus sign.) There is also a set of terms such as â€Å"nomen dubium† (â€Å"dubious name†) referring to the status of specific scientific nomenclature, and variations on binomial include trinomial, polynomial, and multinomial. Another word for classification that might mistakenly be assumed to derive from nomen is taxonomy (â€Å"arrangement method†; the second part of the word is the same suffix seen in economy and other words for systems), which originally applied to categorization of living things by their relationships but was later extended to general organization (as in the model of learning strategies known as Bloom’s taxonomy) and to the arrangement of data on a website. Two other words unrelated to nomen that appear to have the same etymology include phenomenon (from a Greek word meaning â€Å"to appear†), meaning â€Å"something impressive or popular because of an unusual ability or quality† or â€Å"something unusual or difficult to explain or understand,† and anomaly (Greek, â€Å"not even† in the sense of being not the same), meaning â€Å"something unexpected or unusual.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady

Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier; July 28, 1929–May 19, 1994) was the wife of John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States. During his presidency, she became known for her fashion sense and for her redecoration of the White House. After the assassination of her husband in Dallas on November 22, 1963, she was honored for her dignity in her time of grief; she later remarried, moved to New York, and worked as an editor at Doubleday. Fast Facts: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Known For: As the wife of John F. Kennedy, she was the first lady of the United States.Also Known As: Jacqueline Lee Bouvier, Jackie O.Born: July 28, 1929 in Southampton, New YorkParents: John Vernou Bouvier III  and socialite  Janet Norton LeeDied: May 19, 1994 in New York, New YorkEducation: Vassar College, George Washington UniversitySpouse(s): John F. Kennedy (m. 1953-1963), Aristotle Onassis (m. 1968-1975)Children: Arabella, Caroline, John Jr., Patrick Early Life Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in East Hampton, New York, on July 28, 1929. Her mother was socialite Janet Lee, and her father was John Vernou Bouvier III, a stockbroker known as â€Å"Black Jack.†Ã‚  He was a playboy from a wealthy family, French in ancestry and Roman Catholic by religion. Her younger sister was named Lee. Jack Bouvier lost most of his money in the Depression, and his extra-marital affairs contributed to the separation of Jacqueline’s parents in 1936. Though Roman Catholic, her parents divorced and her mother later married Hugh D. Auchincloss and moved with her two daughters to Washington, D.C.  Jacqueline attended private schools in New York and Connecticut and made her society debut in 1947, the same year she began attending Vassar College. Jacqueline’s college career included a junior year abroad in France. She completed her studies in French literature at George Washington University in 1951.  She was offered a job for a year as a trainee at Vogue, spending six months in New York and six months in France.  At the request of her mother and stepfather, though, she refused the position. Jacqueline began working as a photographer for the Washington Times-Herald. Meeting John F. Kennedy Jacqueline met John F. Kennedy, the young war hero and congressman from Massachusetts, in 1952, when she interviewed him for one of her assignments. The two began dating, became engaged in June 1953, and married in September at St. Mary’s Church in Newport. There were 750 wedding guests, 1,300 at the reception, and some 3,000 spectators.  Her father, because of his alcoholism, was unable to attend or walk her down the aisle. In 1955, Jacqueline had her first pregnancy, which ended in a miscarriage.  The next year another pregnancy ended in premature birth and stillborn child, and soon after her husband was bypassed for an expected nomination as the Democrat Partys vice presidential candidate.  Jacqueline’s father died in August 1957. Her marriage suffered because of her husband’s infidelities. On November 27, 1957, she gave birth to her daughter Caroline.  It was not long before Kennedy was running for the Senate again, and Jackie- as she was fondly known- took part in that, though she still disliked campaigning. While Jackie’s beauty, youth, and gracious presence were an asset to the campaigns of her husband, she only reluctantly participated in politics. She was pregnant again when he was running for president in 1960, which allowed her to bow out of active campaigning.  That child, John F. Kennedy, Jr., was born on November 25, after the election and before her husband was inaugurated in January 1961. First Lady As a very young first lady- only 32 years old- Jackie Kennedy was the subject of much fashion interest.  She applied her interests in culture to restoring the White House with period antiques and inviting musical artists to White House dinners.  She preferred not to meet with the press or with various delegations that came to meet with the first lady- a term she disliked- but a televised tour of the White House was very popular. She helped get Congress to declare White House furnishings government property. Jackie maintained an image of distance from politics, but her husband sometimes consulted her on issues and she was an observer at some meetings, including of the National Security Council. The White House announced in April 1963 that Jackie Kennedy was again pregnant.  Patrick Bouvier Kennedy was born prematurely on August 7, 1963, and lived only two days.  The experience brought John and Jackie Kennedy closer together. November 1963 Jackie Kennedy was riding in a limousine next to her husband in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963, when he was shot.  Images of her cradling his head in her lap as he was rushed to the hospital became part of the iconography of that day.  She accompanied her husband’s body on Air Force One and stood, still in her bloodstained suit, next to Lyndon B. Johnson on the plane as he was sworn in as the next president.  In the ceremonies that followed, Jackie Kennedy, a young widow with children, figured prominently as the shocked nation mourned.  She helped plan the funeral and arranged for an eternal flame to burn as a memorial at President Kennedy’s burial site in Arlington National Cemetery.  She also suggested to an interviewer, Theodore H. White, the image of Camelot for the Kennedy legacy. After the Assassination After the assassination, Jackie did her best to maintain privacy for her children, moving to an apartment in New York City in 1964 to escape the publicity of Georgetown.  Her husband’s brother Robert F. Kennedy stepped in as a role model for his niece and nephew.  Jackie took an active role in his run for the presidency in 1968. After Bobby Kennedy was assassinated in June, Jackie married Greek tycoon Aristotle Onassis on October 22, 1968- many believe to give herself and her children an umbrella of protection. However, many of the people who had admired her so much in the aftermath of the assassination felt betrayed by her remarriage. She became a constant subject of tabloids and a constant target for paparazzi. Career as an Editor Aristotle Onassis died in 1975. After winning a court battle over the widow’s portion of his estate with his daughter Christina, Jackie moved permanently to New York. There, though her wealth would have supported her quite well, she went back to work, taking a job with Viking and later with Doubleday and Company as an editor.  She was eventually promoted to senior editor and helped produce bestselling books. Death Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis died in New York on May 19, 1994, after a few months of treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and was buried next to President Kennedy in Arlington National Cemetery.  The nation’s depth of mourning stunned her family.  A 1996 auction of some of her belongings, to help her two children pay inheritance taxes on her estate, brought more publicity and significant sales. Legacy Jackie Kennedy is one of the United States most iconic first ladies, consistently topping polls of the nations most beloved and influential figures. As a style icon, she helped popularize long gloves and pillbox hats, and she continues to inspire couture designers today. She has been depicted in the films Thirteen Days, Love Field, Killing Kennedy, and Jackie. A book written by Jacqueline Kennedy was found among her personal effects; she left instructions that it not be published for 100 years. Sources Bowles, Hamish, ed.  Jacqueline Kennedy: The White House Years: Selections from the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum.  Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2001.Bradford, Sarah.  Americas Queen: A Life of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.  Penguin, 2000.Lowe, Jacques.  My Kennedy Years.  Thames Hudson, 1996.Spoto, Donald.  Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: A Life.  Macmillan, 2000.